One, Bee habits
1. Metamorphosis: Bees are completely metamorphic insects. All three types of bees go through 4 stages of eggs, larvae, pupae and adult bees. The eggs develop and hatch larvae after 3 days. The larvae will pupate after 8 days. The color of the pupal stage gradually changes from milky white. Deepen and mature pupae will emerge into adult bees.
2. Oligophagy: Bees usually make a living entirely on flowers, including pollen and nectar. They can also brew honey as food for storage. But collecting nectar is a very hard work. Generally, a worker bee can only do Humans provide 0.6 grams of honey.
3. Sociality: bees live in groups. The colony and the colony do not collude with each other. They are identified in the hive based on the smell. The bees guarding the door of the nest are not allowed to enter the nest. , But the drone will not be harmed if it enters the outside group by mistake.
4. Sociality: Bees are social insects. There are three types of bees, queen bee, drone and worker bee. The queen bee is responsible for reproducing and secreting pheromone to maintain the order of the colony. The drone is responsible for mating with the queen, and the worker bee is responsible for nesting, conservation, Collecting, cleaning and guarding work.
Two, Bee species selection
1. Chinese honey bee: Chinese honey bee is a native species of bee in our country. It has agile flight, sensitive sense of smell, comes out of the nest early, and comes back late. It is good at using scattered nectar sources. It has strong resistance to bee mites and American larval rot, but it is prone to natural splitting Stealing bees is very suitable for fixed-point breeding in mountainous areas.
2. Italian bee: The fine bee species introduced by the Italian bee in my country plays a very important role in the production of beekeeping in my country. They are widely raised in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, North China, Northwest China and most areas of the Northeast. They are suitable for chasing flowers for honey, The assault uses the four seasons honey powder source.
3. Northeast black bee: Northeast black bee is the only local fine bee species in my country through natural selection and artificial cultivation in the superior natural environment of the closed environment. Its cold resistance is very strong, disease resistance and stress resistance are strong, and the fertility is relatively high. Stronger, faster development of bee colony, weaker bee separation.
4. Xinjiang black bee: Xinjiang black bee is an excellent black bee strain that adapts to Xinjiang's climate and nectar source characteristics. It can make full use of scattered nectar sources, has strong gathering power, high yield of bee, wax, and glue, weak bee separation, and can maintain Large group, strong resistance to cold, disease and adversity.
Three, Beekeeping site
1. There should be a certain number of nectar plants near the beekeeping site, and the development of the local beekeeping industry should be investigated at the same time. If the bee colony in the surrounding locations has developed to a saturated state, then a place farther apart should be selected as the breeding site. Bee field.
2. The bee colony should be placed in a leeward, sunny, and quiet place, and a certain distance from the driveway and sidewalk. At the same time, the bee collection distance is generally 2 to 3 kilometers, but the closer to the honey source, the higher the collection efficiency, so beekeeping The venue should be as close as possible to the nectar source.
3. There must be a clean water source around the bee farm for honey collection, but it should not be close to reservoirs, lakes, or rivers, because the bees are likely to be blown into the water when collecting honey and return to the bin. The queen bee is also prone to drowning in the water when it mates. Bee farms cannot be set up near sewage.
4. The bee farm should not be located on the top of a slope or on a high ground. Otherwise, flying upwards when the bees collect and return to the nest will reduce the collection efficiency. At the same time, strong winds on slopes, highlands, etc. are not conducive to management and overwintering. We should not choose wet low-lying land because These places are prone to bee disease.
Four, Beekeeping tools
1. Beehives: Beehives are the most basic beekeeping tools. Their sizes are different, but the structural principles are basically the same. Novice beekeepers can buy beehives used by others from beekeepers, or make their own beehives according to the specifications.
2. Bee hat: bee hat is a protection tool for beekeepers, mainly to prevent the head and neck of beekeepers from bee stings. It has various forms, but its production principle is to ensure lightness, durability and clear vision. It can also be purchased online.
3. Bee sweep: A bee sweep is a special tool for brushing off bees. It is mainly used to clean the bees attached to the spleen of the nest. The bee brush is required to be soft and moderate to avoid scratching the bees. It is best to use horsehair or horsetail. Buy online.
4. Nest frame: The nest frame is a wooden frame, which can fix the base of the nest so that the bees can build the spleen. The specifications are strictly required. Otherwise, the nest frame cannot be interchanged between the beehives, and it will be used for maintenance and management The application of machinery and tools has brought great troubles.
5. Nest foundation: The nest foundation is the artificially manufactured honeycomb house foundation for the bees to build the nest spleen. There are mainly wax nest foundation and plastic nest foundation. At present, beekeepers mainly use wax. The nest foundations are used by Chinese honeybees and Western honeybees.
Five, Disease control
1. Vespas: Vespas are particularly harmful in mountainous areas, hills and other areas. They can be swattered with fly swatters, or the lower edge of the nest spleen can be cut off and the drones mixed with rodenticide zinc phosphide and scattered around the apiary. The wasps will bring them back. The larvae are fed in the nest, and they are poisoned to death after eating.
2. Ants: Ants will enter the beehive from the beehive gap or the nest door to feed on honey and pollen and interfere with the normal activities of the bees. You can build a wooden stake on each of the four corners of the beehive, and then apply asphalt or tung oil on the wooden stake. Use mirex to kill.
3. Wax moth: Wax moth larvae eat the spleen of the nest. In severe cases, it will cause the bees to flee, especially the middle bees. When the nest bugs occur, they can be removed manually or with drugs. Common drugs are carbon disulfide. , Glacial acetic acid, sulfur dioxide, etc.
4. Bee mites: Bee mites are the main parasites of bees. The swarms that are severely harmed by bee mites will quickly weaken, and the collection power will be severely reduced, and even the whole group will die. The best way is to leave the nest without a lid. In the case of medical treatment or physical therapy.
5. Medium cyst disease: Medium bee cystic larvae disease is a very harmful disease of Chinese bees. It is necessary to strengthen the breeding management, merge weak groups and pick out the corpses, disinfect the nest with alcohol swabs, and the more serious bee colonies should Replace the box and spleen and burn the replaced beehive and comb spleen.
